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The Roman Catholic Church in Russia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to the most recent figures in Annuario Pontificio, there are approximately 773,000 Catholics in Russia, which is 0.5% of the total Russian population.〔(Catholic Hierarchy – Russia )〕 However, a 2012 survey〔 has determined that there are approximately 140,000 Roman Catholics in Russia (0.1% of the total Russian population),〔http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg〕 accounting for 7.2% of Germans, 1.8% of Armenians, 1.3% of Belarusians, and just under 1% of Bashkirs. The survey also found Catholics to be slightly more observant than Orthodox, with 25% praying every day versus 17% of Orthodox.〔Roman Catholicism by country〕 Due to the long-held views of the Russian Orthodox Church, Catholicism is not recognized by the state as a legitimately Russian religion, and Catholics have often been seen as outsiders, even if they are ethnically Russian. The Soviet Union, which persecuted all religions, also saw Catholicism as a non-Russian allegiance. ==Origins== Since Rus' (the Eastern Slavic polity that later came to be Russia, Belarus and Ukraine) was converted in 988, before the Great Schism (1054), it is somewhat anachronistic to talk of the Roman Catholic versus the Eastern Orthodox Church in the origins of Russian Christianity. However, the Great Schism of 1054 was actually the culmination of a long process and the churches had been in schism before that (e.g., the Photian schism of the 9th century) and had been growing apart for centuries before that. Several 19th-century Catholic historians argued that Russia became Catholic at the time of the Baptism, however this thesis has been rejected by most serious historians Western sources indicate that Princess Olga sent an embassy to the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. Otto charged Bishop Adaldag of Bremen with missionary work to the Rus'; Adaldag consecrated the monk Libutius of the Convent of St. Albano as bishop of Russia, but Libutius died before he ever set foot in Russia. He was succeeded by Adalbertus, a monk of the convent of St. Maximinus at Trier, but Adalbertus returned to Germany after several of his companions were killed in Russia.〔See Miroslav Labunka, “Religious Centers and Their Missions to Kievan Rus': From Olga to Volodimir.” ''Harvard Ukrainian Studies'' 12-13 (1988-1989): 159-93; Andrzej Poppe, "The Christianization and Ecclesiastical Structure of Kyivan Rus to 1300," ''Harvard Ukrainian Studies''21, nos. 3-4 (1997): 318.〕 Western sources also indicate that Olga's grandson, Prince Vladimir sent emissaries to Rome in 991 and that Popes John XV and Sylvester II sent three embassies to Kiev. A German chronicler, Dithmar, relates that the Archbishop of Magdeburg consecrated a Saxon as archbishop of Russia and that the latter arrived in Russia, where he preached the Gospel and was killed there with 18 of his companions on February 14, 1002.〔Charles George Herbermann, Edward Aloysius Pace,et al. ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. New York: The Universal Knowledge Foundation, 1912) vol. 13, p. 254〕 At this same time, Bishop Reinbert of Kolberg accompanied the daughter of Boleslaus the Intrepid to her wedding when she married Vladimir's son Sviatopolk, (known to history as "the Damned" for his later murder of his half-brothers Boris and Gleb).Reinbert was arrested for his efforts to proselytize and died in prison.〔 Bruno of Querfort was sent as a missionary bishop to the Pechenegs and spent several months in Kiev in 1008; he wrote a letter to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II in 1009.〔Poppe, "Christainization and Ecclesiastical Structure," 334〕 These embassies to and from Rus' may be the basis for the somewhat fanciful account in the ''Russian Primary Chronicle'' of Prince Vladimir sending out emissaries to the various religions around Rus' (Islam, Judaism, Western and Eastern Christianity), including to the Catholic Church in Germany, although the emissaries returned unimpressed by Western Christianity, explaining in part the eventual adoption of Orthodox Christianity.〔''Lavrentevskaia Letopis'', in ''Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopis'', vol. 1, cols. 106-108.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Catholicism in Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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